Inglês 2023

Section A – Reading

Read the text carefully and answer the questions that follow. Only ONE choice is possible.

Mozambique has produced some of Africa's most important writers and artists. From the early 20th century, African writers and journalists published their own newspaper in Maputo – O Africano, later O Brado Africano – which, despite colonial censorship, provided a forum for African intellectuals and writers for many decades. Writers used Portuguese to convey the experience of the colonized and to confirm the validity of African cultural expression. Some of Frelimo's leading figures, including Marcelino dos Santos and Sérgio Vieira, wrote poetry and encouraged poetic expression as a form of resistance. One of Africa's best-known poets is José Craveirinha, whose collections of poetry include Chigubo (1964) and Karingana wa karingana (1974; "Once upon a Time"). Other writers in Portuguese include Luis Bernardo Honwana, Mia Couto, Lina Magaia, and Orlando Mendes. Bento Sitoe, the author of Zabela (1983), among other works, used Tsonga as the language of his writings. Since the 1990s new authors have emerged who address women's experiences in Mozambican society, including Paulina Chiziane and Lília Momplé, whose novel Neighbours (1995) was later published in English as Neighbours: The Story of a Murder (2001).

Mozambique's small film industry is represented by directors such as Jose Cardoso (Vento sopra do norte [1987; "The Wind Blows from the North"]) and Licino Azevedo (A árvore dos antepassados [1995; "Tree of the Ancestors"]). The country's best-known film export is Solveig Nordlund's Comédia infantil (1998; "Nelio's Story"). This is a Portuguese, Swedish, and Mozambican co-production.

The painter Malangatana Valente Ngwenya, commonly known as Malangatana, has gained an international following, as has the sculptor Alberto Chissano. Malangatana and the muralist Mankew Valente Muhumana have inspired the formation of artist cooperatives, particularly around Maputo; among the most prominent of these is the Núcleo de Arte, which operates a gallery and offers workshops throughout the year.

Mozambican popular music combines Western and African influences and includes the work of Alexandre Langa, Xidimingwana, and the Nampula group Eyuphuro. A popular style of music in Mozambique is marrabenta, which originated in the 1950s and was first performed on homemade guitars made from oil or gasoline cans and fishing line. The style's lyrics are often political, though subtly so, and the associated dance is widely performed throughout the country. It developed during the colonial period as a way to criticize the government in a manner that would be non-threatening and is a common musical form in other African societies. The xylophone orchestral ensemble, common among the Chopi people, is one of the country's best-known musical traditions. The National Song and Dance Company, headquartered in Maputo, offers programs drawing from the country's many musical traditions.

Mozambique is also known for its traditional art. The wooden sculpture and Makonde masks are very famous. Also famous are the works of internationally acclaimed ceramist Reinata Sadimba, painter and muralist Naguib, among others. Other examples are the traditional music and dances of Mozambique, with instruments like the marimba and timbila of the Chope people, the tufu and nsope of the Makhuwa, the nyambaro from Zambezia Province, just to name some.

Adapted from https://www.britannica.com/place/Mozambique/Cultural-institutions

Section B – Cloze text

Read the text that follows and complete the gaps by choosing the appropriate option from A – E.

A famous traveler

Wilfred Thesiger's desert journeys in the Middle East are a constant source of inspiration to all those who _____07_____ his love for the region. If you are _____08_____ in travelling in the Middle East, reading Thesiger is a must.

Wilfred was born and _____09_____ up in East Africa, where his father worked as a British government official. Although he left Africa to study in the United Kingdom (UK), he returned in the 1930's to begin his own _____10_____ as an administrator.

In the late 1940's, he travelled to the Arabian peninsula to _____11_____ information for a locust control project. There, he first _____12_____ across the Bedu, the traditional nomadic _____13_____ of the desert, who would accompany him _____14_____ two historic crossings of the absolutely _____15_____ 'Empty Quarter' and introduce him to their harsh way of life.

Travel and exploration _____16_____ meaning to Thesiger's life. _____17_____ he was travelling, he lived as a nomad, visiting remote _____18_____ of the world, often on _____19_____, living simply among the local peoples and writing about his experiences. His books, more than any others, have _____20_____ our imagination and led us to _____21_____ the beauty and solitude of the great desert expanses.

Section C – Language use

In this section you MUST choose the word or phrase which best completes the sentence. Give ONE answer.